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Root-knot nematode (RKN)  Meloidogyne incognita  is an economically important pest of crops.  Pasteuria penetrans , is a nematode hyperparasitic bacterium capable of suppressing the reproduction of RKN and thereby useful for its management. Secreted fatty acid and retinol-binding proteins are unique in nematodes and are engaged in nutrient acquisition, development and reproduction; they are also a component of the nematode cuticle and thought to be involved in the interface between hosts and parasites. Attachment of endospores to the cuticle of second stage juveniles of RKN is the primary step of infection and several factors have been identified to facilitate attachment. In this study, the full length of  Mi-far-1  (573 bp) was cloned from  M. incognita  and characterized. Analysis revealed that the  Mi-far-1  was rich in α-helix structure, contained a predicted consensus casein kinase II phosphorylation site and a glycosylation site. Quantitative PCR showed the highest expression in the fourth stage juveniles and  in situ  hybridization revealed the presence of  Mi-far-1  mRNA in the hypodermis below the cuticle. Single copy insertion pattern of  Mi-far-1  in  M. incognita  genome was detected by Southern blotting. Knockdown of  Mi-far-1  showed significantly increased attachment of  P. penetrans’  endospores on juvenile cuticle surface and also affected host finding, root infection and nematode fecundity.

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Meloidogyne incognita Fatty Acid- and Retinol- Binding Protein (Mi-FAR-1) Affects Nematode Infection of Plant Roots and the Attachment of Pasteuria penetrans Endospores