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The present study was aimed to determine the prevalence and characteristics of  Salmonella  isolated from meat samples of commercial broilers (CB) and spent hens (SH). Between March and June 2016, 200 retail raw chicken carcasses (100 from CB and 100 from SH) were obtained from local supermarkets in Tai’an city of China, and  Salmonella  isolates were then analyzed for antibiotic resistance, serotype, β-lactamase genes, and the presence of class 1 integron. Forty  Salmonella  strains were obtained in this study (CB: 21/100, 21%; SH: 19/100, 19%). Three serotypes were identified in 40  Salmonella , and  S.  Enteritidis (CB: 15/21, 71.4%; SH: 10/19, 52.6%) was the dominant serotype, followed by  S.  Typhimurium (CB: 4/21, 19%; SH: 6/19, 31.6%) and  S.  Derby (CB: 2/21, 9.5%; SH: 3/19, 15.8%). Among 21  Salmonella  isolated from CB, high antibiotic resistance rates were found for ampicillin (20/21, 95.2%), nalidixic acid (18/21, 85.7%), cefotaxime (17/21, 81%), and tetracycline (13/21, 61.9%); class 1 integron was observed in seven isolates (7/21, 33.3%), and gene cassettes included an empty integron (0.15 kb,  n  = 1),  aadA2  (1.2 kb,  n  = 3),  drfA1-aadA1  (1.4 kb,  n  = 1), and  drfA17-aadA5  (1.7 kb,  n  = 2);  bla  TEM-1  was the dominant β-lactamase gene (21/21, 100%), followed by  bla  CTX-M-55  (7/21, 33.3%). Among 19  Salmonella  isolated from SH, high antibiotic resistance rates were found for nalidixic acid (19/19, 100%), tetracycline (19/19, 100%), ampicillin (18/19, 94.7%), and ciprofloxacin (13/19, 68.4%); class 1 integron was observed in two isolates (2/19, 10.5%), and gene cassettes included  drfA17-aadA5  (1.7 kb,  n  = 1) and  drfA1-aadA1  (1.4 kb,  n  = 1);  bla  TEM-1  was the dominant β-lactamase gene (19/19, 100%), followed by  bla  CTX-M-55  (2/19, 10.5%) and  bla  CMY-2  (1/19, 5.3%). Collectively, antibiotic-resistant  Salmonella  can be widely detected in retail raw chicken carcasses of CB and SH, and therefore can pose a serious risk to public health.

frontiers in microbiology

Prevalence and Antibiotic Resistance of Non-typhoidal Salmonella Isolated from Raw Chicken Carcasses of Commercial Broilers and Spent Hens in Tai’an, China