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Soft rot pathogenic bacteria from the genus  Dickeya  cause severe economic losses in orchid nurseries worldwide, and there is no effective control currently available. In the last decade, the genus  Dickeya  has undergone multiple changes as multiple new taxa have been described, and just recently a new putative  Dickeya  species was reported. This study reports the isolation of three bacteriophages active against putative novel  Dickeya  spp. isolates from commercially produced infected orchids that show variable host-range profiles. Bacteriophages were isolated through enrichment from  Dickeya -infected orchid tissue. Convective interaction media monolith chromatography was used to isolate bacteriophages from wastewaters, demonstrating its suitability for the isolation of infective bacteriophages from natural sources. Based on bacteriophage morphology, all isolated bacteriophages were classified as being in the order  Caudovirales , belonging to three different families,  Podoviridae ,  Myoviridae , and  Siphoviridae . The presence of three different groups of bacteriophages was confirmed by analyzing the bacteriophage specificity of bacterial hosts, restriction fragment length polymorphism and plaque morphology. Bacteriophage BF25/12, the first reported  Podoviridae  bacteriophage effective against  Dickeya  spp., was selected for further characterization. Its genome sequence determined by next-generation sequencing showed limited similarity to other characterized  Podoviridae  bacteriophages. Interactions among the bacteriophages and  Dickeya  spp. were examined using transmission electron microscopy, which revealed degradation of electron-dense granules in response to bacteriophage infection in some  Dickeya  strains. The temperature stability of the chosen  Podoviridae  bacteriophage monitored over 1 year showed a substantial decrease in the survival of bacteriophages stored at -20°C over longer periods. It showed susceptibility to low pH and UV radiation but was stable in neutral and alkaline pH. Furthermore, the stability of the tested bacteriophage was also connected to the incubation medium and bacteriophage concentration at certain pH values. Finally, the emergence of bacteriophage-resistant bacterial colonies is highly connected to the concentration of bacteriophages in the bacterial environment. This is the first report on bacteriophages against  Dickeya  from the  Podoviridae  family to expand on potential bacteriophages to include in bacteriophage cocktails as biocontrol agents. Some of these bacteriophage isolates also showed activity against  Dickeya solani , an aggressive strain that causes the soft rot of potatoes, which indicates their broad potential as biocontrol agents.

Newly Isolated Bacteriophages from the Podoviridae, Siphoviridae, and Myoviridae Families Have Variable Effects on Putative Novel Dickeya spp.