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Radix pseudostellariae  is a perennial tonic medicinal plant, with high medicinal value. However, consecutive monoculture of this plant in the same field results in serious decrease in both yield and quality. In this study, a 3-year field experiment was performed to identify the inhibitory effect of growth caused by prolonged monoculture of  R. pseudostellariae . DGGE analysis was used to explore the shifts in the structure and diversity of soil  Fusarium  and  Pseudomonas  communities along a 3-year gradient of monoculture. The results demonstrated that extended monoculture significantly boosted the diversity of  Fusarium  spp., but declined  Pseudomonas  spp. diversity. Quantitative PCR analysis showed a significant increase in  Fusarium oxysporum , but a decline in  Pseudomonas  spp. Furthermore, abundance of antagonistic  Pseudomonas  spp. possessing antagonistic ability toward  F. oxysporum  significantly decreased in consecutively monocultured soils. Phenolic acid mixture at the same ratio as detected in soil could boost mycelial and sporular growth of pathogenic  F. oxysporum  while inhibit the growth of antagonistic  Pseudomonas sp . CJ313. Moreover, plant bioassays showed that  Pseudomonas  sp. CJ313 had a good performance that protected  R. pseudostellariae  from infection by  F. oxysporum.  In conclusion, this study demonstrated that extended monoculture of  R. pseudostellariae  could alter the  Fusarium  and  Pseudomonas  communities in the plant rhizosphere, leading to relatively low level of antagonistic microorganisms, but with relatively high level of pathogenic microorganisms.

frontiers in microbiology

Assessment of the Diversity of Pseudomonas spp. and Fusarium spp. in Radix pseudostellariae Rhizosphere under Monoculture by Combining DGGE and Quantitative PCR