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China has set a goal to eliminate all malaria in the country by 2020, but it is unclear if current understanding of malaria vectors and transmission is sufficient to achieve this objective.  Anopheles sinensis  is the most widespread malaria vector specie in China, which is also responsible for vivax malaria outbreak in central China. We reviewed literature from 1954 to 2016 on  An. sinensis  with emphasis on biology, bionomics, and molecular biology. A total of 538 references were relevant and included.  An. sienesis  occurs in 29 Chinese provinces. Temperature can affect most life-history parameters. Most  An. sinensis  are zoophilic, but sometimes they are facultatively anthropophilic. Sporozoite analysis demonstrated  An. sinensis  efficacy on  Plasmodium vivax  transmission.  An. sinensis  was not stringently refractory to  P. falciparum  under experimental conditions, however, sporozoite was not found in salivary glands of field collected  An. sinensis . The literature on  An. sienesis  biology and bionomics was abundant, but molecular studies, such as gene functions and mechanisms, were limited. Only 12 molecules (genes, proteins or enzymes) have been studied. In addition, there were considerable untapped omics resources for potential vector control tools. Existing information on  An. sienesis  could serve as a baseline for advanced research on biology, bionomics and genetics relevant to vector control strategies.

Biology, Bionomics and Molecular Biology of Anopheles sinensis Wiedemann 1828 (Diptera: Culicidae), Main Malaria Vector in China