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Colletotrichum higginsianum  is an economically important pathogen that causes anthracnose disease in a wide range of cruciferous crops. Understanding the mechanisms of the cruciferous plant– C. higginsianum  interactions will be important in facilitating efficient control of anthracnose diseases. The cAMP-PKA signaling pathway plays important roles in diverse physiological processes of multiple pathogens.  C. higginsianum  contains two genes,  ChPKA1  and  ChPKA2 , that encode the catalytic subunits of cyclic AMP (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase A (PKA). To analyze the role of cAMP signaling pathway in pathogenicity and development in  C. higginsianum , we characterized  ChPKA1  and  ChPKA2  genes, and adenylate cyclase ( ChAC ) gene. The  ChPKA1  and  ChAC  deletion mutants were unable to cause disease and significantly reduced in hyphal growth, tolerance to cell wall inhibitors, conidiation, and appressorial formation with abnormal germ tubes, but they had an increased tolerance to elevated temperatures and exogenous H 2 O 2 . In contrast, the  ChPKA2  mutant had no detectable alteration of phenotypes, suggesting that  ChPKA1  contributes mainly to PKA activities in  C. higginsianum . Moreover, we failed to generate Δ ChPKA1ChPKA2  double mutant, indicating that deletion of both PKA catalytic subunits is lethal in  C. higginsianum  and the two catalytic subunits possibly have overlapping functions. These results indicated that ChPKA1 is the major PKA catalytic subunit in cAMP-PKA signaling pathway and plays significant roles in hyphal growth, pathogenicity, appressorial formation, conidiation, and stress tolerance in  C. higginsianum .

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The cAMP-PKA Signaling Pathway Regulates Pathogenicity, Hyphal Growth, Appressorial Formation, Conidiation, and Stress Tolerance in Colletotrichum higginsianum