English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

The objective of this investigation was to identify the lineages of MRSA and MSSA with reduced susceptibility to chlorhexidine in Kuwaiti hospitals. 121 clinical MRSA and 56 MSSA isolates were included in this study. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed for a selection of agents including chlorhexidine and resistance genes were amplified and sequenced. PFGE, spa typing, and MLST were completed for a selection of isolates. The results showed SCC mec  II, III, IV, and V were present in 0.8, 21.5, 69.4, and 8.3% of the MRSA isolates.  agr-1   Sa   was the most prevalent type in both MSSA (48%) and MRSA (54%). Forty-five percentage of MRSA contained  pvl  and 39% contained  lukE-lukD , however, as many as 86% of MSSA contained  pvl  and 96.4% contained  lukE-lukD. qac  A-C genes were identified in 12.3% of MRSA,  nor A was present in 82.6% and  bla Z in 94.2%. Among MSSA only 5.4% harbored  qac A, 83% contained  nor A, and 91%  bla Z. Multi-drug resistant ST239/t945 lineage containing a  qac  gene was the most identified  S. aureus . However, other lineages, including ST772-MRSA-V/t4867/ pvl (+) qacC/smr  and non- qac  harboring lineages of ST217-MRSAIV/t3244/ pvl (–), ST34-MSSA/t161/ pvl (+), ST5-MSSA/t688/ pvl (+), ST5-MSSA/t4867/ nor A(+), and ST672-MSSA/t003/ pvl (–), also showed reduced susceptibility to chlorhexidine. The observed reduced susceptibility of non- qac  dependent MSSA isolates to chlorhexidine suggests the involvement of other elements in promoting higher MBC (≥30 mg/L). Our results confirm that monitoring MSSA is essential as they may have the potential to survive low level biocide exposure.

Characterization of Heterogeneous MRSA and MSSA with Reduced Susceptibility to Chlorhexidine in Kuwaiti Hospitals