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Although the taxonomy of  Burkholderia  has been extensively scrutinized, significant uncertainty remains regarding the generic boundaries and composition of this large and heterogeneous taxon. Here we used the amino acid and nucleotide sequences of 106 conserved proteins from 92 species to infer robust maximum likelihood phylogenies with which to investigate the generic structure of  Burkholderia  sensu lato. These data unambiguously supported five distinct lineages, of which four correspond to  Burkholderia  sensu stricto and the newly introduced genera  Paraburkholderia ,  Caballeronia , and  Robbsia . The fifth lineage was represented by  P. rhizoxinica . Based on these findings, we propose 13 new combinations for those species previously described as members of  Burkholderia  but that form part of  Caballeronia . These findings also suggest revision of the taxonomic status of  P. rhizoxinica  as it is does not form part of any of the genera currently recognized in  Burkholderia  sensu lato. From a phylogenetic point of view,  Burkholderia  sensu stricto has a sister relationship with the  Caballeronia + Paraburkholderia  clade. Also, the lineages represented by  P. rhizoxinica  and  R. andropogonis , respectively, emerged prior to the radiation of the  Burkholderia  sensu stricto+ Caballeronia + Paraburkholderia  clade. Our findings therefore constitute a solid framework, not only for supporting current and future taxonomic decisions, but also for studying the evolution of this assemblage of medically, industrially and agriculturally important species.

Genome Data Provides High Support for Generic Boundaries in Burkholderia Sensu Lato