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CsrA has been shown to positively control the expression of flagella-related genes, including  flaA  and  flaB , through regulating expression of an alternative sigma factor RpoN in  Helicobacter pylori  J99. Here, we aimed to characterize the CsrA regulatory system by comparative transcriptomic analysis carried out with RNA-seq on strain J99 and a  csrA  mutant. Fifty-three genes in the  csrA  mutant were found to be differentially expressed compared with the wild-type. Among CsrA-regulated genes,  jhp0106 , with unclear function, was found located downstream of  flaB  in the J99 genome. We hypothesized that  flaB - jhp0106  is in an operon under the control of RpoN binding to the  flaB  promoter. The RT-qPCR results showed the expression of  jhp0106  was decreased 76 and 92% in the  csrA  and  rpoN  mutants, respectively, compared to the wild-type. Moreover, mutations of the RpoN binding site in the  flaB  promoter region resulted in decreased expression of  flaB  and  jhp0106  and deficient motility. Three-dimensional structure modeling results suggested that Jhp0106 was a glycosyltransferase. The role of  jhp0106  in  H. pylori  was further investigated by constructing the  jhp0106  mutant and revertant strains. A soft-agar motility assay and transmission electron microscope were used to determine the motility and flagellar structure of examined strains, and the results showed the loss of motility and flagellar structure in  jhp0106  mutant J99. In conclusion, we found  jhp0106 , under the control of the CsrA/RpoN regulatory system, plays a critical role in  H. pylori  flagella formation.

The Helicobacter pylori J99 jhp0106 Gene, under the Control of the CsrA/RpoN Regulatory System, Modulates Flagella Formation and Motility