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Marine  Synechococcus  has successfully adapted to environments with different light colors, which likely contributes to this genus being the second most abundant group of microorganisms worldwide. Populations of  Synechococcus  that grow in deep, blue ocean waters contain large amounts of the blue-light absorbing chromophore phycourobilin (PUB) in their light harvesting complexes (phycobilisomes). Here, we show that all  Synechococcus  strains adapted to blue light possess a gene called  mpeU . MpeU is structurally similar to phycobilin lyases, enzymes that ligate chromophores to phycobiliproteins. Interruption of  mpeU  caused a reduction in PUB content, impaired phycobilisome assembly and reduced growth rate more strongly in blue than green light. When  mpeU  was reintroduced in the  mpeU  mutant background, the  mpeU- less phenotype was complemented in terms of PUB content and phycobilisome content. Fluorescence spectra of  mpeU  mutant cells and purified phycobilisomes revealed red-shifted phycoerythrin emission peaks, likely indicating a defect in chromophore ligation to phycoerythrin-I (PE-I) or phycoerythrin-II (PE-II). Our results suggest that MpeU is a lyase-isomerase that attaches a phycoerythrobilin to a PEI or PEII subunit and isomerizes it to PUB. MpeU is therefore an important determinant in adaptation of  Synechococcus  spp. to capture photons in blue light environments throughout the world’s oceans.

Adaptation to Blue Light in Marine Synechococcus Requires MpeU, an Enzyme with Similarity to Phycoerythrobilin Lyase Isomerases