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Sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) have been studied extensively in the petroleum industry due to their role in corrosion, but very little is known about sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB), which drive the oxidization of sulfur-compounds produced by the activity of SRB in petroleum reservoirs. Here, we surveyed the community structure, diversity and abundance of SRB and SOB simultaneously based on 16S rRNA,  dsrB  and  soxB  gene sequencing, and quantitative PCR analyses, respectively in petroleum reservoirs with different physicochemical properties. Similar to SRB, SOB were found widely inhabiting the analyzed reservoirs with high diversity and different structures. The dominant SRB belonged to the classes  Deltaproteobacteria  and  Clostridia , and included the  Desulfotignum ,  Desulfotomaculum ,  Desulfovibrio ,  Desulfobulbus , and  Desulfomicrobium  genera. The most frequently detected potential SOB were  Sulfurimonas ,  Thiobacillus ,  Thioclava ,  Thiohalomonas  and  Dechloromonas , and belonged to  Betaproteobacteria ,  Alphaproteobacteria , and  Epsilonproteobacteria . Among them,  Desulfovibrio ,  Desulfomicrobium ,  Thioclava , and  Sulfurimonas  were highly abundant in the low-temperature reservoirs, while  Desulfotomaculum ,  Desulfotignum, Thiobacillus , and  Dechloromonas  were more often present in high-temperature reservoirs. The relative abundances of SRB and SOB varied and were present at higher proportions in the relatively high-temperature reservoirs. Canonical correspondence analysis also revealed that the SRB and SOB communities in reservoirs displayed high niche specificity and were closely related to reservoir temperature, pH of the formation brine, and sulfate concentration. In conclusion, this study extends our knowledge about the distribution of SRB and SOB communities in petroleum reservoirs.

frontiers in microbiology

Compositions and Abundances of Sulfate-Reducing and Sulfur-Oxidizing Microorganisms in Water-Flooded Petroleum Reservoirs with Different Temperatures in China