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dnaE  is an alpha subunit of the tripartite protein complex of DNA polymerase III that is responsible for the replication of bacterial genome. The  dnaE  gene is often duplicated in many bacteria, and the duplicated  dnaE  gene was reported dispensable for cell survivals and error-prone in DNA replication in a mystery. In this study, we found that all sequenced myxobacterial genomes possessed two  dnaE  genes. The duplicate  dnaE  genes were both highly conserved but evolved divergently, suggesting their importance in myxobacteria. Using  Myxococcus xanthus  DK1622 as a model, we confirmed that  dnaE 1 ( MXAN_5844 ) was essential for cell survival, while  dnaE 2 ( MXAN_3982 ) was dispensable and encoded an error-prone enzyme for replication. The deletion of  dnaE 2 had small effects on cellular growth and social motility, but significantly decreased the development and sporulation abilities, which could be recovered by the complementation of  dnaE 2. The expression of  dnaE 1 was always greatly higher than that of  dnaE 2 in either the growth or developmental stage. However, overexpression of  dnaE 2 could not make  dnaE 1 deletable, probably due to their protein structural and functional divergences. The  dnaE 2 overexpression not only improved the growth, development and sporulation abilities, but also raised the genome mutation rate of  M. xanthus . We argued that the low-expressed error-prone  DnaE 2 played as a balancer for the genome mutation rates, ensuring low mutation rates for cell adaptation in new environments but avoiding damages from high mutation rates to cells.

Error-prone DnaE2 Balances the Genome Mutation Rates in Myxococcus xanthus DK1622