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Campylobacter jejuni  is the leading cause of bacterial foodborne diarrhoeal disease worldwide. Despite the microaerophilic nature of the bacterium,  C. jejuni  can survive the atmospheric oxygen conditions in the environment. Bacteria that can survive either within a host or in the environment like  C. jejuni  require variable responses to survive the stresses associated with exposure to different levels of reactive oxygen species. The MarR-type transcriptional regulators RrpA and RrpB have recently been shown to play a role in controlling both the  C. jejuni  oxidative and aerobic stress responses. Analysis of 3,746  C. jejuni  and 486  C. coli  genome sequences showed that whilst  rrpA  is present in over 99% of  C. jejuni  strains, the presence of  rrpB  is restricted and appears to correlate with specific MLST clonal complexes (predominantly ST-21 and ST-61).  C. coli  strains in contrast lack both  rrpA  and  rrpB . In  C. jejuni rrpB  +  strains, the  rrpB  gene is located within a variable genomic region containing the IF subtype of the type I Restriction-Modification ( hsd ) system, whilst this variable genomic region in  C. jejuni rrpB  -  strains contains the IAB subtype  hsd  system and not the  rrpB  gene.  C. jejuni rrpB  -  strains exhibit greater resistance to peroxide and aerobic stress than  C. jejuni rrpB  +  strains. Inactivation of  rrpA  resulted in increased sensitivity to peroxide stress in  rrpB  +  strains, but not in  rrpB  -  strains. Mutation of  rrpA  resulted in reduced killing of  Galleria mellonella  larvae and enhanced biofilm formation independent of  rrpB  status. The oxidative and aerobic stress responses of  rrpB  -  and  rrpB  +  strains suggest adaptation of  C. jejuni  within different hosts and niches that can be linked to specific MLST clonal complexes.

The Campylobacter jejuni Oxidative Stress Regulator RrpB Is Associated with a Genomic Hypervariable Region and Altered Oxidative Stress Resistance