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A variety of bacterial infections cause muscle necrosis in humans.  Caenorhabditis elegans  has epidermis and bands of muscle that resemble soft-tissue structures in mammals and humans. Here, we developed a muscle necrosis model caused by  Aeromonas dhakensis  infection in  C. elegans . Our data showed that  A. dhakensis  infected and killed  C. elegans  rapidly. Characteristic muscle damage in  C. elegans  induced by  A. dhakensis  was demonstrated  in vivo . Relative expression levels of host necrosis-associated genes,  asp-3 ,  asp-4 , and  crt-1  increased significantly after  A. dhakensis  infection. The RNAi sensitive NL2099  rrf-3 (pk1426 ) worms with knockdown of necrosis genes of  crt-1  and  asp-4  by RNAi showed prolonged survival after  A. dhakensis  infection. Specifically knockdown of  crt-1  and  asp-4  by RNAi in WM118 worms, which restricted RNAi only to the muscle cells, conferred significant resistance to  A. dhakensis  infection. In contrast, the severity of muscle damage and toxicity produced by the  A. dhakensis  hemolysin-deletion mutant is attenuated. In another example, shiga-like toxin-producing enterohemorrhagic  E. coli  (EHEC) known to elicit toxicity to  C. elegans  with concomitant enteropathogenicty, did not cause muscle necrosis as  A. dhakensis  did. Taken together, these results show that  Aeromonas  infection induces muscle necrosis and rapid death of infected  C. elegans , which are similar to muscle necrosis in humans, and then validate the value of the  C. elegans  model with  A. dhakensis  infection in studying  Aeromonas  pathogenicity.

A Disease Model of Muscle Necrosis Caused by Aeromonas dhakensis Infection in Caenorhabditis elegans