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Colletotrichum higginsianum  is an economically important pathogen that causes anthracnose disease in a wide range of cruciferous crops. To facilitate the efficient control of anthracnose disease, it will be important to understand the mechanism by which the cruciferous crops and  C. higginsianum  interact. A key step in understanding this interaction is characterizing the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling pathway of  C. higginsianum . MAPK plays important roles in diverse physiological processes of multiple pathogens. In this study, a Fus3/Kss1-related MAPK gene,  ChMK1 , from  C. higginsianum  was analyzed. The results showed that the Fus3/Kss1-related MAPK ChMK1 plays a significant role in cell wall integrity. Targeted deletion of  ChMK1  resulted in a hypersensitivity to cell wall inhibitors, reduced conidiation and albinistic colonies. Further, the deletion mutant was also unable to form melanized appressorium, a specialized infection structure that is necessary for successful infection. Therefore, the deletion mutant loses pathogenicity on  A. thaliana  leaves, demonstrating that  ChMK1  plays an essential role in the early infection step. In addition, the  ChMK1  deletion mutant showed an attenuated growth rate that is different from that of its homolog in  Colletotrichum lagenarium , indicating the diverse roles that Fus3/Kss1-related MAPKs plays in phytopathogenic fungi. Furthermore, the expression level of three melanin synthesis associated genes were clearly decreased in the albinistic  ChMK1  mutant compared to that of the wild type strain, suggesting that ChMK1 is also required for colony melanization in  C. higginsianum .

Colletotrichum higginsianum Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase ChMK1: Role in Growth, Cell Wall Integrity, Colony Melanization, and Pathogenicity