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[Excerpt] Background: The colonization of indwelling medical devices by biolm-forming bacteria is one of the major causes of healthcare-associated infections (Percival et al., 2015). Staphylococcus epidermidis, a biolm-forming commensal bacterium that inhabits human skin and mucosae, is considered one of most important causes of medical devices-related infections, being particularly associated with the use of intravascular catheters (Mack et al., 2013). Although S. epidermidis biolms are classically associated with the development of chronic infections (Costerton et al., 1999), the release of cells from the biolm has been associated with onset of acute infections such as embolic events of endocarditis (Pitz et al., 2011), bacteremia, or even septicemia (Cole et al., 2016). Bloodstream infections caused by S. epidermidis are typically indolent and dicult to eradicate signicantly increasing patient’s morbidity (Kleinschmidt et al., 2015) and mortality among immunocompromised (Khashu et al., 2006) and immunosuppressed patients (Bender and Hughes,1980).Inaddition,thecostsassociatedwiththediagnosisandtreatmentofthesesecondary infections is estimated to be approximately $20,000 per occurrence (Kilgore and Brossette, 2008). Henceforth, it is imperative to redene strategies for the management of the pathologic events associated with biolm disassembly. Since bloodstream infections are one of the most frequent complications caused by S. epidermidis biolm disassembly (Cole et al., 2016), a comprehensive analysis of the interplay between S. epidermidis biolm-released cells (BRC) and hosts’ blood components would be invaluable. Herein, as the rst step toward the understanding of this interaction,wehavecharacterized,usingRNAsequencing(RNAseq)technology,thetranscriptome of S. epidermidis BRC upon interaction with whole human blood, polymorphonuclear, or mononuclear leukocytes and plasma.This study was funded by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) by the project with the reference FCOMP-01-012014-FEDER-041246 (EXPL/BIA-MIC/0101/2013), the strategic funding of UID/BIO/04469/2013 unit, COMPETE 2020 (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006684), BioTecNorte operation (NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-4) funded by European Regional Development Fund under the. scope of Norte2020 - Programa Operational Regional do Norte. NC is an Investigador FCT. AT is supported by the FCT fellowship SFRH/BPD/99961/2014. The hinders had no role in study design, data collection and interpretation, or decision to submit the work for publication

frontiers in microbiology

Transcriptomic Analysis of Staphylococcus epidermidis Biofilm-Released Cells upon Interaction with Human Blood Circulating Immune Cells and Soluble Factors