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Rhodopseudomonas palustris  has emerged as a model microbe for the anaerobic metabolism of  p -coumarate, which is an aromatic compound and a primary component of lignin. However, under anaerobic conditions,  R. palustris  must actively eliminate excess reducing equivalents through a number of known strategies (e.g., CO 2  fixation, H 2  evolution) to avoid lethal redox imbalance. Others had hypothesized that to ease the burden of this redox imbalance, a clonal population of  R. palustris  could functionally differentiate into a pseudo-consortium. Within this pseudo-consortium, one sub-population would perform the aromatic moiety degradation into acetate, while the other sub-population would oxidize acetate, resulting in a single-genotype syntrophy through acetate sharing. Here, the objective was to test this hypothesis by utilizing microbial electrochemistry as a research tool with the extracellular-electron-transferring bacterium  Geobacter sulfurreducens  as a reporter strain replacing the hypothesized acetate-oxidizing sub-population. We used a 2 × 4 experimental design with pure cultures of  R. palustris  in serum bottles and co-cultures of  R. palustris  and  G. sulfurreducens  in bioelectrochemical systems. This experimental design included growth medium with and without bicarbonate to induce non-lethal and lethal redox imbalance conditions, respectively, in  R. palustris . Finally, the design also included a mutant strain (NifA * ) of  R. palustris , which constitutively produces H 2 , to serve both as a positive control for metabolite secretion (H 2 ) to  G. sulfurreducens , and as a non-lethal redox control for without bicarbonate conditions. Our results demonstrate that acetate sharing between different sub-populations of  R. palustris  does not occur while degrading  p -coumarate under either non-lethal or lethal redox imbalance conditions. This work highlights the strength of microbial electrochemistry as a tool for studying microbial syntrophy.

Single-Genotype Syntrophy by Rhodopseudomonas palustris Is Not a Strategy to Aid Redox Balance during Anaerobic Degradation of Lignin Monomers