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Background:   Tyrophagus putrescentiae  colonizes different human-related habitats and feeds on various post-harvest foods. The microbiota acquired by these mites can influence the nutritional plasticity in different populations. We compared the bacterial communities of five populations of  T. putrescentiae  and one mixed population of  T. putrescentiae  and  T. fanetzhangorum  collected from different habitats.   Material:  The bacterial communities of the six mite populations from different habitats and diets were compared by Sanger sequencing of cloned 16S rRNA obtained from amplification with universal eubacterial primers and using bacterial taxon-specific primers on the samples of adults/juveniles or eggs. Microscopic techniques were used to localize bacteria in food boli and mite bodies. The morphological determination of the mite populations was confirmed by analyses of CO1 and ITS fragment genes.   Results:  The following symbiotic bacteria were found in compared mite populations:  Wolbachia  (two populations),  Cardinium  (five populations),  Bartonella -like (five populations),  Blattabacterium -like symbiont (three populations), and  Solitalea -like (six populations). From 35 identified OTUs 97 , only  Solitalea  was identified in all populations. The next most frequent and abundant sequences were  Bacillus, Moraxella, Staphylococcus, Kocuria , and  Microbacterium . We suggest that some bacterial species may occasionally be ingested with food. The bacteriocytes were observed in some individuals in all mite populations. Bacteria were not visualized in food boli by staining, but bacteria were found by histological means in ovaria of  Wolbachia -infested populations.   Conclusion:  The presence of  Blattabacterium- like,  Cardinium, Wolbachia , and  Solitalea -like in the eggs of  T. putrescentiae  indicates mother to offspring (vertical) transmission. Results of this study indicate that diet and habitats influence not only the ingested bacteria but also the symbiotic bacteria of  T. putrescentiae .

Populations of Stored Product Mite Tyrophagus putrescentiae Differ in Their Bacterial Communities