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Microbes within polymicrobial communities can establish positive and negative interactions that have the potential to influence the overall behavior of the community.  Pseudomonas aeruginosa  and species of the  Burkholderia cepacia  complex (Bcc) can co-exist in the lower airways, however several studies have shown that  P. aeruginosa  can effectively kill the Bcc  in vitro , for which hydrogen cyanide (HCN) was recently proposed to play a critical role. Here we show that modification of the environment (i.e., culture medium), long-term genetic adaptation of  P. aeruginosa  to the cystic fibrosis (CF) lung, or the addition of another bacterial species to the community can alter the sensitivity of  Burkholderia cenocepacia  to  P. aeruginosa  toxins. We specifically demonstrate that undefined rich media leads to higher susceptibility of  B. cenocepacia  to  P. aeruginosa  toxins like cyanide as compared to a synthetic medium (SCFM), that mimics the CF lung nutritional content. Overall, our study shows that the polymicrobial environment can have profound effects on negative interactions mediated by  P. aeruginosa  against  B. cenocepacia . In fact, evolved  P. aeruginosa  or the presence of other species such as  Staphylococcus aureus  can directly abolish the direct competition mediated by cyanide and consequently maintaining a higher level of species diversity within the community.

Cyanide Toxicity to Burkholderia cenocepacia Is Modulated by Polymicrobial Communities and Environmental Factors