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Dense phytoplankton blooms in eutrophic waters often experience large daily fluctuations in environmental conditions. We investigated how this diel variation affects  in situ  gene expression of the CO 2 -concentrating mechanism (CCM) and other selected genes of the harmful cyanobacterium  Microcystis aeruginosa . Photosynthetic activity of the cyanobacterial bloom depleted the dissolved CO 2  concentration, raised pH to 10, and caused large diel fluctuations in the bicarbonate and O 2  concentration. The  Microcystis  population consisted of three C i  uptake genotypes that differed in the presence of the low-affinity and high-affinity bicarbonate uptake genes  bicA  and  sbtA . Expression of the bicarbonate uptake genes  bicA ,  sbtA , and  cmpA  (encoding a subunit of the high-affinity bicarbonate uptake system BCT1), the CCM transcriptional regulator gene  ccmR  and the photoprotection gene  flv4  increased at first daylight and was negatively correlated with the bicarbonate concentration. In contrast, genes of the two CO 2  uptake systems were constitutively expressed, whereas expression of the RuBisCO chaperone gene  rbcX , the carboxysome gene  ccmM , and the photoprotection gene  isiA  was highest at night and down-regulated during daytime. In total, our results show that the harmful cyanobacterium  Microcystis  is very responsive to the large diel variations in carbon and light availability often encountered in dense cyanobacterial blooms.

Diel Variation in Gene Expression of the CO2-Concentrating Mechanism during a Harmful Cyanobacterial Bloom