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An ammonia-oxidizing bacterium, strain D1FHS, was enriched into pure culture from a sediment sample retrieved in Jiaozhou Bay, a hyper-eutrophic semi-closed water body hosting the metropolitan area of Qingdao, China. Based on initial 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain D1FHS was classified in the genus  Nitrosococcus , family  Chromatiaceae , order  Chromatiales , class  Gammaproteobacteria ; the 16S rRNA gene sequence with highest level of identity to that of D1FHS was obtained from  Nitrosococcus halophilus  Nc4 T . The average nucleotide identity between the genomes of strain D1FHS and  N. halophilus  strain Nc4 is 89.5%. Known species in the genus  Nitrosococcus  are obligate aerobic chemolithotrophic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria adapted to and restricted to marine environments. The optimum growth (maximum nitrite production) conditions for D1FHS in a minimal salts medium are: 50 mM ammonium and 700 mM NaCl at pH of 7.5 to 8.0 and at 37°C in dark. Because pertinent conditions for other studied  Nitrosococcus  spp. are 100–200 mM ammonium and <700 mM NaCl at pH of 7.5 to 8.0 and at 28–32°C, D1FHS is physiologically distinct from other  Nitrosococcus  spp. in terms of substrate, salt, and thermal tolerance.

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D1FHS, the Type Strain of the Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacterium Nitrosococcus wardiae spec. nov.: Enrichment, Isolation, Phylogenetic, and Growth Physiological Characterization