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Salmonella  spp. is one of the most important food-borne pathogens causing digestive tract and invasive infections in both humans and animals. Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) especially the CTX-M-type ESBLs are increasingly being reported worldwide and in China. These studies seldom focused on  Salmonella  isolates from food-producing animals. The aim of this study was to characterize the antimicrobial resistance profiles, serotypes and ESBLs and in particular, CTX-M producing  Salmonella  isolates from chickens and pigs in China.  Salmonella  isolates were identified by API20E system and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay; serotypes were determined using slide agglutination with hyperimmune sera; antimicrobial susceptibility was tested using the ager dilution method; the prevalence of ESBLs and PMQR genes were screened by PCR; CTX-M-producing isolates were further characterized by conjugation along with genetic relatedness and plasmid replicon type. In total, 159  Salmonella  strains were identified, among which 95 strains were  Salmonella enterica  serovar Typhimurium, 63 strains were  S. enterica  serovar Indiana, and 1 strain was  S. enterica  serovar Enteritidis. All of these isolates presented multi-drug resistant phenotypes. Forty-five isolates carried  bla  CTX-M  genes, the most common subtype was CTX-M-27(34), followed by CTX-M-65(7) and CTX-M-14(4). Most  bla  CTX-M  genes were transmitted by non-typeable or IncN/IncFIB/IncP/IncA/C/IncHI2 plasmids with sizes ranging from 80 to 280 kb. In particular, all the 14 non-typeable plasmids were carrying  bla  CTX-M-27  gene and had a similar size. PFGE profiles indicated that CTX-M-positive isolates were clonally related among the same serotype, whilst the isolates of different serotypes were genetically divergent. This suggested that both clonal spread of resistant strains and horizontal transmission of the resistance plasmids contributed to the dissemination of  bla  CTX-M-9G -positive  Salmonella  isolates. The presence and spread of CTX-M, especially the CTX-M-27 in  S. enterica  serovars Typhimurium and Indiana from food-producing animals poses a potential threat for public health. Control strategies to limit the dissemination of these strains through the food chain are necessary.

CTX-M-27 Producing Salmonella enterica Serotypes Typhimurium and Indiana Are Prevalent among Food-Producing Animals in China