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The development of an efficient protocol for successful hairy root induction by  Agrobacterium rhizogenes  is the key step toward an  in vitro  culturing method for the mass production of secondary metabolites. The selection of an effective  Agrobacterium  strain for the production of hairy roots is highly plant species dependent and must be determined empirically. Therefore, our goal was to investigate the transformation efficiency of different  A. rhizogenes  strains for the induction of transgenic hairy roots in  Fagopyrum tataricum  ‘Hokkai T10’ cultivar; to determine the expression levels of the polypropanoid biosynthetic pathway genes, such as  ftpAL, FtC4H, Ft4CL, FrCHS, FrCH1, FrF3H, FtFLS1, FtFLS2, FtF3 ,  H1, FtF3′H2, FtANS , and  FtDFR ; and to quantify the  in vitro  synthesis of phenolic compounds and anthocyanins. Among different strains, R1000 was the most promising candidate for hairy root stimulation because it induced the highest growth rate, root number, root length, transformation efficiency, and total anthocyanin and rutin content. The R1000, 15834, and A4 strains provided higher transcript levels for most metabolic pathway genes for the synthesis of rutin (22.31, 15.48, and 13.04 μg/mg DW, respectively), cyanidin 3- O -glucoside (800, 750, and 650 μg/g DW, respectively), and cyanidin 3- O -rutinoside (2410, 1530, and 1170 μg/g DW, respectively). A suitable  A. rhizogenes  strain could play a vital role in the fast growth of the bulk amount of hairy roots and secondary metabolites. Overall, R1000 was the most promising strain for hairy root induction in buckwheat.

frontiers in microbiology

Effect of Different Agrobacterium rhizogenes Strains on Hairy Root Induction and Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis in Tartary Buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn)