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Eighty  Listeria monocytogenes  isolates were obtained from Chinese retail ready-to-eat (RTE) food and were previously characterized with serotyping and antibiotic susceptibility tests. The aim of this study was to characterize the subtype and virulence potential of these  L. monocytogenes  isolates by multilocus sequence typing (MLST), virulence-associate genes, epidemic clones (ECs), and sequence analysis of the important virulence factor: internalin A (inlA). The result of MLST revealed that these  L. monocytogenes  isolates belonged to 14 different sequence types (STs). With the exception of four new STs (ST804, ST805, ST806, and ST807), all other STs observed in this study have been associated with human listeriosis and outbreaks to varying extents. Six virulence-associate genes ( inlA, inlB, inlC, inlJ, hly , and  llsX ) were selected and their presence was investigated using PCR. All strains carried  inlA, inlB, inlC, inlJ , and  hly , whereas 38.8% (31/80) of strains harbored the listeriolysin S genes ( llsX ). A multiplex PCR assay was used to evaluate the presence of markers specific to epidemic clones of  L. monocytogenes  and identified 26.3% (21/80) of ECI in the 4b-4d-4e strains. Further study of  inlA  sequencing revealed that most strains contained the full-length InlA required for host cell invasion, whereas three mutations lead to premature stop codons (PMSC) within a novel PMSCs at position 326 (GAA → TAA). MLST and  inlA  sequence analysis results were concordant, and different virulence potentials within isolates were observed. These findings suggest that  L. monocytogenes  isolates from RTE food in China could be virulent and be capable of causing human illness. Furthermore, the STs and virulence profiles of  L. monocytogenes  isolates have significant implications for epidemiological and public health studies of this pathogen.

Analysis of Multilocus Sequence Typing and Virulence Characterization of Listeria monocytogenes Isolates from Chinese Retail Ready-to-Eat Food