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Thiomicrospira  were originally characterized as sulfur-oxidizing chemolithoautotrophs. Attempts to grow them on hydrogen failed for many years. Only recently we demonstrated hydrogen consumption among two of three tested  Thiomicrospira  and posited that hydrogen consumption may be more widespread among  Thiomicrospira  than previously assumed. Here, we investigate and compare the hydrogen consumption ability and the presence of group 1 [NiFe]-hydrogenase genes (enzyme catalyzes H 2 ↔2H +  + 2e - ) for sixteen different  Thiomicrospira  species. Seven of these  Thiomicrospira  species encoded group 1 [NiFe]-hydrogenase genes and five of these species could also consume hydrogen. All  Thiomicrospira  species exhibiting hydrogen consumption were from hydrothermal vents along the Mid-Atlantic ridge or Eastern Pacific ridges. The tested  Thiomicrospira  from Mediterranean and Western Pacific vents could not consume hydrogen. The [NiFe]-hydrogenase genes were categorized into two clusters: those resembling the hydrogenase from  Hydrogenovibrio  are in cluster I and are related to those from  Alpha - and other  Gammaproteobacteria . In cluster II, hydrogenases found exclusively in  Thiomicrospira crunogena  strains are combined and form a monophyletic group with those from  Epsilonproteobacteria  suggesting they were acquired through horizontal gene transfer. Hydrogen consumption appears to be common among some  Thiomicrospira , given that five of the tested sixteen strains carried this trait. The hydrogen consumption ability expands their competitiveness within an environment.

Hydrogenase Gene Distribution and H2 Consumption Ability within the Thiomicrospira Lineage