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Brucella  species are important human and animal pathogens. Though, only little is known about mobile genetic elements of these highly pathogenic bacteria. To date, neither plasmids nor temperate phages have been described in brucellae. We analyzed genomic sequences of various reference and type strains and identified a number of putative prophages residing within the  Brucella  chromosomes. By induction, phage BiPBO1 was isolated from  Brucella inopinata . BiPBO1 is a siphovirus that infects several  Brucella  species including  Brucella abortus  and  Brucella melitensis . Integration of the phage genome occurs adjacent to a tRNA gene in chromosome 1 (chr 1). The bacterial ( attB ) and phage ( attP ) attachment sites comprise an identical sequence of 46 bp. This sequence exists in many  Brucella  and  Ochrobactrum  species. The BiPBO1 genome is composed of a 46,877 bp double-stranded DNA. Eighty-seven putative gene products were determined, of which 32 could be functionally assigned. Strongest similarities were found to a temperate phage residing in the chromosome of  Ochrobactrum anthropi  ATCC 49188 and to prophages identified in several families belonging to the order rhizobiales. The data suggest that horizontal gene transfer may occur between  Brucella  and  Ochrobactrum  and underpin the close relationship of these environmental and pathogenic bacteria.

Analysis of the First Temperate Broad Host Range Brucellaphage (BiPBO1) Isolated from B. inopinata