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Vibrio tapetis  is a marine bacterium causing Brown Ring Disease (BRD) in the Manila clam  Ruditapes philippinarum. V. tapetis  biofilm formation remains unexplored depite the fact that it might be linked to pathogenicity. Our objectives were to characterize the  in vitro  biofilm formation of  V. tapetis  and evaluate the effects of culture conditions. Biofilm structure and its matrix composition were examined by confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy.  V. tapetis  was able to form biofilms on a glass substratum within 24 h. Polysaccharides and extracellular DNA of the biofilm matrixes were differently distributed depending on the  V. tapetis  strains. Spherical components of about 1–2 μm diameter were found at the biofilm surface. They contain DNA, proteins, and seemed to be physically linked to bacteria and of cellular nature. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the spherical components were devoid of internal compartments. Temperatures >21°C inhibit BRD whereas low salinity (2%) favor it, none of the both conditions altered  V. tapetis'  ability to form biofilms  in vitro . We suggest therefore that biofilm formation could play a role in the persistence of the pathogen in clam than in BRD symptoms.

Vibrio tapetis, the Causative Agent of Brown Ring Disease, Forms Biofilms with Spherical Components