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The growth of watermelon is often threatened by  Fusarium oxysporum  f. sp.  niveum  ( Fon ) in successively monocultured soil, which results in economic loss. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of D 123  wheat as a companion crop on soil enzyme activities, microbial biomass and microbial communities in the rhizosphere of watermelon and to explore the relationship between the effect and the incidence of wilt caused by  Fon . The results showed that the activities of soil polyphenol oxidase, urease and invertase were increased, the microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) and microbial biomass phosphorus (MBP) were significantly increased, and the ratio of MBC/MBN was decreased ( P  < 0.05). Real-time PCR analysis showed that the  Fon  population declined significantly in the watermelon/wheat companion system compared with the monoculture system ( P  < 0.05). The analysis of microbial communities showed that the relative abundance of microbial communities was changed in the rhizosphere of watermelon. Compared with the monoculture system, the relative abundances of  Alphaproteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes  and  Sordariomycetes  were increased, and the relative abundances of  Gammaproteobacteria, Sphingobacteria, Cytophagia, Pezizomycetes , and  Eurotiomycetes  were decreased in the rhizosphere of watermelon in the watermelon/wheat companion system; importantly, the incidence of  Fusarium  wilt was also decreased in the watermelon/wheat companion system. In conclusion, this study indicated that D 123  wheat as a companion crop increased soil enzyme activities and microbial biomass, decreased the  Fon  population, and changed the relative abundance of microbial communities in the rhizosphere of watermelon, which may be related to the reduction of  Fusarium  wilt in the watermelon/wheat companion system.

The effect of D123 wheat as a companion crop on soil enzyme activities, microbial biomass and microbial communities in the rhizosphere of watermelon