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The study was aimed to characterize the probiotic properties of a  Pediococcus pentosaceus  strain, KID7, by  in vitro  and  in vivo  studies. The strain possessed tolerance to oro-gastrointestinal transit, adherence to the Caco-2 cell line, and antimicrobial activity. KID7 exhibited bile salt hydrolase activity and cholesterol-lowering activity,  in vitro .  In vivo  cholesterol-lowering activity of KID7 was studied using atherogenic diet-fed hypercholesterolemic mice. The experimental animals (C57BL/6J mice) were divided into 4 groups viz., normal diet-fed group (NCD), atherogenic diet-fed group (HCD), atherogenic diet- and KID7-fed group (HCD-KID7), and atherogenic diet- and  Lactobacillus acidophilus  ATCC 43121-fed group (HCD- L.ac ) as positive control. Serum total cholesterol (T-CHO) level was significantly decreased by 19.8% in the HCD-KID7 group ( P  < 0.05), but not in the HCD- L.ac  group compared with the HCD group. LDL cholesterol levels in both HCD-KID7 and HCD- L.ac  groups were decreased by 35.5 and 38.7%, respectively, compared with HCD group (both,  P  < 0.05). Glutamyl pyruvic transaminase (GPT) level was significantly lower in the HCD-KID7 and HCD- L.ac  groups compared to HCD group and was equivalent to that of the NCD group. Liver T-CHO levels in the HCD-KID7 group were reduced significantly compared with the HCD group ( P  < 0.05) but not in the HCD- L.ac  group. Analysis of expression of genes associated with lipid metabolism in liver showed that low-density lipoprotein receptor ( LDLR ), cholesterol-7α-hydroxylase ( CYP7A1 ) and apolipoprotein E ( APOE ) mRNA expression was significantly increase in the HCD-KID7 group compared to the HCD group. Furthermore, KID7 exhibited desired viability under freeze-drying and subsequent storage conditions with a combination of skim milk and galactomannan.  P. pentosaceus  KID7 could be a potential probiotic strain, which can be used to develop cholesterol-lowering functional food after appropriate human clinical trials.

frontiers in microbiology

Preliminary probiotic and technological characterization of Pediococcus pentosaceus strain KID7 and in vivo assessment of its cholesterol-lowering activity