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Roots of the medicinal plant  Valeriana officinalis  are well-studied for their various biological activities. We applied genetically transformed  V. officinalis  root biomass to exert control of  Physarum polycephalum , an amoeba-based emergent computing substrate. The plasmodial stage of the  P. polycephalum  life cycle constitutes a single, multinucleate cell visible by unaided eye. The plasmodium modifies its network of oscillating protoplasm in response to spatial configurations of attractants and repellents, a behavior that is interpreted as biological computation. To program the computing behavior of  P. polycephalum , a diverse and sustainable library of plasmodium modulators is required. Hairy roots produced by genetic transformation with  Agrobacterium rhizogenes  are a metabolically stable source of bioactive compounds. Adventitious roots were induced on  in vitro V. officinalis  plants following infection with  A. rhizogenes . A single hairy root clone was selected for massive propagation and the biomass was characterized in  P. polycephalum  chemotaxis, maze-solving, and electrical activity assays. The  Agrobacterium -derived roots of  V. officinalis  elicited a positive chemotactic response and augmented maze-solving behavior. In a simple plasmodium circuit, introduction of hairy root biomass stimulated the oscillation patterns of slime mold's surface electrical activity. We propose that manipulation of  P. polycephalum  with the plant root culture platform can be applied to the development of slime mold microfluidic devices as well as future models for engineering the plant rhizosphere.

Plant hairy root cultures as plasmodium modulators of the slime mold emergent computing substrate Physarum polycephalum