English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Invasive aspergillosis caused by  Aspergillus  species ( Aspergillus fumigatus ,  A. flavus , and  A. terreus ) is life-threatening infections in immunocompromised patients. Understanding the innate and adaptive immune response particularly T-helper cells (T H -cells) against these  Aspergillus  species and how the different sub-set of T H -cells are regulated by differentiating cytokines at primary target organ site like lung, kidney and brain is of great significance to human health. This review focuses on presentation of  Aspergillus  through Antigen presenting cells (APCs) to the naive CD4 +  T-cells in the host. The production of differentiating/effector cytokines that activate following T H -cells, e.g., T H 1, T H 2, T H 9, and T H 17 has been reported in association or alone in allergic or invasive aspergillosis. Chemokines (CXCL1, CXCL2, CCL1, and CCL20) and their receptors associated to these T H -cells have also been observed in invasive aspergillosis. Thus, further study of these T H -cells in invasive aspergillosis and other elements of adaptive immune response with  Aspergillus  species are required in order to have a better understanding of host response for safer and effective therapeutic outcome.

Cytokines induce effector T-helper cells during invasive aspergillosis; what we have learned about T-helper cells?