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Dinoflagellates are microscopic aquatic eukaryotes with huge genomes and an unusual cell regulation. For example, most genes are present in numerous copies and all copies seem to be obligatorily transcribed. The consequence of the gene copy number (CPN) for final protein synthesis is, however, not clear. One such gene is  sxtA , the starting gene of paralytic shellfish toxin (PST) synthesis. PSTs are small neurotoxic compounds that can accumulate in the food chain and cause serious poisoning incidences when ingested. They are produced by dinoflagellates of the genera  Alexandrium ,  Gymnodium , and  Pyrodinium . Here we investigated if the genomic CPN of  sxtA4  is related to PST content in  Alexandrium minutum  cells.  SxtA4  is the 4th domain of the  sxtA  gene and its presence is essential for PST synthesis in dinoflagellates. We used PST and genome size measurements as well as quantitative PCR to analyze  sxtA4  CPN and toxin content in 15  A. minutum  strains. Our results show a strong positive correlation between the  sxtA4  CPN and the total amount of PST produced in actively growing  A. minutum  cells. This correlation was independent of the toxin profile produced, as long as the strain contained the genomic domains  sxtA1  and  sxtA4 .

Paralytic shellfish toxin content is related to genomic sxtA4 copy number in Alexandrium minutum strains