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Hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) has been recognized as a physiological mediator with a variety of functions across all domains of life. In this study, mechanisms of endogenous H 2 S generation in  Shewanella oneidensis  were investigated. As a research model with highly diverse anaerobic respiratory pathways, the microorganism is able to produce H 2 S by respiring on a variety of sulfur-containing compounds with SirACD and PsrABC enzymatic complexes, as well as through cysteine degradation with three enzymes, MdeA, SO_1095, and SseA. We showed that the SirACD and PsrABC complexes, which are predominantly, if not exclusively, responsible for H 2 S generation via respiration of sulfur species, do not interplay with each other. Strikingly, a screen for regulators controlling endogenous H 2 S generation by transposon mutagenesis identified global regulator Crp to be essential to all H 2 S-generating processes. In contrast, Fnr and Arc, two other global regulators that have a role in respiration, are dispensable in regulating H 2 S generation via respiration of sulfur species. Interestingly, Arc is involved in the H 2 S generation through cysteine degradation by repressing expression of the  mdeA  gene. We further showed that expression of the  sirA  and  psrABC  operons is subjected to direct regulation of Crp, but the mechanisms underlying the requirement of Crp for H 2 S generation through cysteine degradation remain elusive.

Endogenous generation of hydrogen sulfide and its regulation in Shewanella oneidensis