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The era of antibiotics as a cure-all for bacterial infections appears to be coming to an end. The emergence of multidrug resistance in many hospital-associated pathogens has resulted in “superbugs” that are effectively untreatable. Multidrug eux pumps are well known mediators of bacterial drug resistance. Genome sequencing efforts have highlighted an abundance of putative eux pump genes in bacteria. However, it is not clear how many of these pumps play a role in antimicrobial resistance. Eux pump genes that participate in drug resistance can be under tight regulatory control and expressed only in response to substrates. Consequently, changes in gene expression following antimicrobial shock may be used to identify eux pumps that mediate antimicrobial resistance. Using this approach we have characterized several novel eux pumps in bacteria. In one example we recently identified the   A cinetobacter   c hlorhexidine  e ux protein (AceI) eux pump in  Acinetobacter . AceI is a prototype for a novel family of multidrug eux pumps conserved in many proteobacterial lineages. The discovery of this family raises the possibility that additional undiscovered intrinsic resistance proteins may be encoded in the core genomes of pathogenic bacteria.

frontiers in microbiology

An ace up their sleeve: a transcriptomic approach exposes the AceI eﬄux protein of Acinetobacter baumannii and reveals the drug eﬄux potential hidden in many microbial pathogens