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The effective management of Verticillium wilts (VW), diseases affecting many crops and caused by some species of the soil-borne fungus  Verticillium , is problematic. The use of microbial antagonists to control these pathologies fits modern sustainable agriculture criteria.  Pseudomonas fluorescens  PICF7 is an endophytic bacterium isolated from olive roots with demonstrated ability to control VW of olive caused by the highly virulent, defoliating (D) pathotype of  Verticillium dahliae  Kleb. However, the study of the PICF7- V. dahliae -olive tripartite interaction poses difficulties because of the inherent characteristics of woody, long-living plants. To overcome these problems we explored the use of the model plant  Arabidopsis thaliana . Results obtained in this study showed that: (i) olive D and non-defoliating  V. dahliae  pathotypes produce differential disease severity in  A. thaliana  plants; (ii) strain PICF7 is able to colonize and persist in the  A. thaliana  rhizosphere but is not endophytic in  Arabidopsis ; and (iii) strain PICF7 controls VW in  Arabidopsis . Additionally, as previously observed in olive, neither swimming motility nor siderophore production by PICF7 are required for VW control in  A. thaliana , whilst cysteine auxotrophy decreased the effectiveness of PICF7. Moreover, when applied to the roots PICF7 controlled  Botrytis cinerea  infection in the leaves of  Arabidopsis , suggesting that this strain is able to induce systemic resistance.  A. thaliana  is therefore a suitable alternative to olive bioassays to unravel biocontrol traits involved in biological control of  V. dahliae  by  P. fluorescens  PICF7.

frontiers in microbiology

Arabidopsis thaliana as a tool to identify traits involved in Verticillium dahliae biocontrol by the olive root endophyte Pseudomonas fluorescens PICF7