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Φm46.1 –  Streptococcus pyogenes  bacteriophage carrying  mef (A) and  tet (O), respectively, encoding resistance to macrolides (M phenotype) and tetracycline – is widespread in  S. pyogenes  but has not been reported outside this species. Φm46.1 is transferable  in vitro  among  S. pyogenes  isolates, but no information is available about its transferability to other  Streptococcus  species. We thus investigated Φm46.1 for its ability to be transduced  in vitro  to recipients of different  Streptococcus  species. Transductants were obtained from recipients of  Streptococcus agalactiae ,  Streptococcus gordonii , and  Streptococcus suis . Retransfer was always achieved, and from  S. suis  to  S. pyogenes  occurred at a much greater frequency than in the opposite direction. In transductants Φm46.1 retained its functional properties, such as inducibility with mitomycin C, presence both as a prophage and as a free circular form, and transferability. The transductants shared the same Φm46.1 chromosomal integration site as the donor, at the 3′ end of a conserved RNA uracil methyltransferase ( rum ) gene, which is an integration hotspot for a variety of genetic elements. No transfer occurred to recipients of  Streptococcus pneumoniae ,  Streptococcus oralis , and  Streptococcus salivarius , even though  rum -like genes were also detected in the sequenced genomes of these species. A largely overlapping 18-bp critical sequence, where the site-specific recombination process presumably takes place, was identified in the  rum  genes of all recipients, including those of the species yielding no transductants. Growth assays to evaluate the fitness cost of Φm46.1 acquisition disclosed a negligible impact on  S. pyogenes ,  S. agalactiae , and  S. gordonii  transductants and a noticeable fitness advantage in  S. suis . The  S. suis  transductant also displayed marked overexpression of the autolysin-encoding gene  atl .

Transduction of the Streptococcus pyogenes bacteriophage Î¦m46.1, carrying resistance genes mef(A) and tet(O), to other Streptococcus species