English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Zendy Plus

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Zendy Tools

Zendy Open

Many  Neisseriaceae  do not exhibit Dam methyltransferase activity and, instead of the  dam  gene, possess  drg  ( dam replacing gene ) inserted in the  leuS/dam  locus. The  drg  locus in  Neisseria gonorrhoeae  FA1090 has a lower GC-pairs content (40.5%) compared to the whole genome of  N. gonorrhoeae  FA1090 (52%). The gonococcal  drg  gene encodes a DNA endonuclease Drg, with GmeATC specificity. Disruption of  drg  or insertion of the  dam  gene in gonococcal genome changes the level of expression of genes as shown by transcriptome analysis. For the  drg -deficient  N. gonorrhoeae  mutant, a total of 195 (8.94% of the total gene pool) genes exhibited an altered expression compared to the wt strain by at least 1.5 fold. In  dam -expressing  N. gonorrhoeae  mutant, the expression of 240 genes (11% of total genes) was deregulated. Most of these deregulated genes were involved in translation, DNA repair, membrane biogenesis and energy production as shown by cluster of orthologous group analysis.  In vivo , the inactivation of  drg  gene causes the decrease of the number of live neisserial cells and long lag phase of growth. The insertion of  dam  gene instead of  drg  locus restores cell viability. We have also shown that presence of the  drg  gene product is important for  N. gonorrhoeae  FA1090 in adhesion, including human epithelial cells, and biofilm formation. Biofilm produced by  drg -deficient strain is formed by more dispersed cells, compared to this one formed by parental strain as shown by scanning electron and confocal microscopy. Also adherence assays show a significantly smaller biomass of formed biofilm (OD 570  = 0.242 ± 0.038) for  drg -deficient strain, compared to wild-type strain (OD 570  = 0.378 ± 0.057).  Dam -expressing gonococcal cells produce slightly weaker biofilm with cells embedded in an extracellular matrix. This strain has also a five times reduced ability for adhesion to human epithelial cells. In this context, the presence of Drg is more advantageous for  N. gonorrhoeae  biology than Dam presence.

The dam replacing gene product enhances Neisseria gonorrhoeae FA1090 viability and biofilm formation