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We recently reported the genome sequence of a free-living strain of  Vibrio furnissii  (NCTC 11218) harvested from an estuarine environment.  V. furnissii  is a widespread, free-living proteobacterium and emerging pathogen that can cause acute gastroenteritis in humans and lethal zoonoses in aquatic invertebrates, including farmed crustaceans and molluscs. Here we present the analyses to assess the potential pathogenic impact of  V. furnissii . We compared the complete genome of  V. furnissii  with 8 other emerging and pathogenic  Vibrio  species. We selected and analyzed more deeply 10 genomic regions based upon unique or common features, and used 3 of these regions to construct a phylogenetic tree. Thus, we positioned  V. furnissii  more accurately than before and revealed a closer relationship between  V. furnissii  and  V. cholerae  than previously thought. However,  V. furnissii  lacks several important features normally associated with virulence in the human pathogens  V. cholera  and  V. vulnificus . A striking feature of the  V. furnissii  genome is the hugely increased Super Integron, compared to the other  Vibrio . Analyses of predicted genomic islands resulted in the discovery of a protein sequence that is present only in  Vibrio  associated with diseases in aquatic animals. We also discovered evidence of high levels horizontal gene transfer in  V. furnissii .  V. furnissii  seems therefore to have a dynamic and fluid genome that could quickly adapt to environmental perturbation or increase its pathogenicity. Taken together, these analyses confirm the potential of  V. furnissii  as an emerging marine and possible human pathogen, especially in the developing, tropical, coastal regions that are most at risk from climate change.

Genome-wide phylogenetic analysis of the pathogenic potential of Vibrio furnissii