English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Bacteria colonizing the human intestine have a relevant role in the spread of antimicrobial resistance. We investigated the faecal carriage of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing  Enterobacteriaceae  in healthy humans from Portugal and analyzed the distribution of  sul  genes and class 1 and 2 integrons. Faecal samples ( n  = 113) were recovered from healthy persons (North/Centre of Portugal, 2001–2004) and plated on MacConkey agar with and without ceftazidime (1 mg/L) or cefotaxime (1 mg/L). Isolates representing different morphotypes/plate and antibiotic susceptibility patterns ( n  = 201) were selected. Isolates resistant to sulfonamides and/or streptomycin, gentamicin, and trimethoprim were screened (PCR and sequencing) for  sul  genes ( sul1, sul2, sul3 ) and class 1 and 2 integrons. Presence of ESBLs was inferred using the double disk synergy test (DDST) and further confirmed by PCR and sequencing. ESBL producers were selected for clonal analysis, plasmid characterization and conjugation assays by standard methods. ESBL-producing isolates were found in 1.8% (2/113) of samples, corresponding to  Escherichia coli  of phylogroups A ( n  = 1) and B1 ( n  = 1) carrying transferable  bla  CTX-M-14  and the new  bla  TEM-153 , respectively. A 80kb IncK plasmid bearing  bla  CTX-M-14  was found, being highly related to that widely spread among CTX-M-14 producers of humans and animals from Portugal and other European countries.  sul  genes were found in 88% (22/25;  sul2 -60%,  sul1 -48%,  sul3- 4%) of the sulfonamide resistant isolates. Class 1 integrons were more frequently found than class 2 (7%, 14/201  vs.  3%, 6/201). Interestingly, gene cassette arrangements within these platforms were identical to those commonly observed among  Enterobacteriaceae  from Portuguese food-producing animals, although  aadA13  is here firstly described in  Morganella morganii . These results reinforce the relevance of human commensal flora as reservoir of clinically relevant antibiotic resistance genes including  bla  ESBLs , and highly transferable genetic platforms as IncK epidemic plasmids.

Commensal Enterobacteriaceae as reservoirs of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases, integrons, and sul genes in Portugal