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Atmospheric nitrous oxide (N 2 O) accounts for approximately 5% of the global greenhouse effect and destroys stratospheric ozone. Soils are the most important source of N 2 O, which is produced during nitrification and denitrification. To assess the impact of environmental variables and ecosystems on N 2 O flux, we performed a meta-analysis comparing N 2 O flux in N amended and matched control plots in non-agricultural soils. We found that N 2 O release increased with N amendment in the short term. Although there were few studies in shrubland, this ecosystem showed the greatest response. The N 2 O response to N amendment was greater in year-round studies and in studies with more measurements, but lower in longer studies. The N 2 O response was greater at higher latitudes and precipitation rates. We also observed an unexpected 55% decline in the N 2 O response to N amendment over the 23 years covered by the studies. This pattern may reflect a suppression of the N 2 O response from long-term N deposition accumulation, particularly in temperate regions. Although short term increases in reactive N entering natural systems may cause positive feedbacks to the release of N 2 O, this effect may diminish over time in locations with high rates of N deposition.

Meta-Analysis of Environmental Impacts on Nitrous Oxide Release in Response to N Amendment