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Objective  Critical illnesses in the intensive care unit (ICU) have been a global burden. We aimed to determine the correlation between the lung and gut in critically ill patients to find novel evidence of the lung-gut axis, which may be a new treatment for patients with critical illness in the ICU.    Methods  We collected bronchoalveolar lavage specimens and fecal samples of 31 patients with critical illness within 24 h after admission. Metagenomics was used to detect lung and intestinal samples. Immune cells were detected by flow cytometry.    Results  There are 86 common species in both lung and gut. The abundance of  Enterococcus faecium  is high in both the lung and gut of patients with critical illness in the respiratory intensive care unit (RICU).  Corynebacterium striatum  in the lung and gut is correlated with different immune cells. In addition,  C. striatum  in the lung and gut might share the same source, supporting the concept of a gut-lung axis in humans.    Conclusions  The microbiome in the lung and gut showed a correlation to some extent, and  C. striatum  in the lung and gut might share the same source. In addition, the microbiome showed a correlation with immunity, indicating a potential therapeutic target in patients with critical illness. The lung-gut axis might play an important role in patients with critical illness in the RICU.

Correlation Analysis of the Microbiome and Immune Function in the Lung-Gut Axis of Critically Ill Patients in the ICU