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Although health behavior theories indicate that fear is effective in activating preventive behaviors, the question of whether COVID-19 severity moderates the association between fear of COVID-19 and preventive behaviors remains unclear. The present study investigated the association between the fear of COVID-19 and preventive behaviors during the COVID-19 community outbreak of two severity levels in Taiwan. Data were obtained regarding the fear of COVID-19 and practice of preventive behaviors from 139 older people (mean age = 71.73 years; 30.2% men) through in-person interviews during a mild COVID-19 outbreak period (baseline assessment). Data from 126 of the 139 participants were obtained again through a telephone interview during a severe COVID-19 outbreak period (follow-up assessment). A significant increase in the fear of COVID-19 ( d  = 0.39,  p  &amp;lt; 0.001) and a decrease in preventive behaviors ( d  = 0.63,  p  &amp;lt; 0.001) were found in the follow-up assessment. The association between fear of COVID-19 and preventive behaviors was not significant at baseline ( r  = −0.07,  p  &amp;gt; 0.05) but became significant at the follow-up assessment ( r  = 0.32,  p  &amp;lt; 0.001). The severity of a COVID-19 outbreak may alter older people's psychological status and related behaviors.

frontiers in medicine

Community Outbreak Moderates the Association Between COVID-19-Related Behaviors and COVID-19 Fear Among Older People: A One-Year Longitudinal Study in Taiwan