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Objective:  Sex hormones have been linked to fractures in older women. The purpose of this present study was to investigate the prognostic impact of preoperative sex hormone levels on 30-day mortality in older women undergoing hip fracture surgery.   Patients and Methods:  A total of 157 female subjects with hip fractures were eligible for the study conducted from January 2010 to December 2019. The serum levels of sex hormones [follicle-stimulating hormone, prolactin, progesterone, testosterone, luteinizing hormone, and 17-β-estradiol (E2)] were measured at admission. To evaluate the prognostic significance of sex hormone levels, Cox proportional hazard models and Kaplan–Meier analyses were applied.   Results:  Of the 157 subjects, 13 (8.28%) deceased within 30 days. The deceased subjects had lower progesterone ( P  = 0.021) and E2 ( P  < 0.001) levels than the surviving group. Higher progesterone (HR = 0.168, 95% CI = 0.037–0.673) and E2 (HR = 0.857, 95% CI = 0.690–0.968) levels were the key protective factors for 30-day mortality in older women undergoing hip fracture surgery. Survival analysis showed that subjects with lower E2 or/and progesterone levels had a significantly higher percentage of 30-day mortality (log-rank test,  P  < 0.05).   Conclusion:  E2 and progesterone might be effective predictors of 30-day mortality in older women undergoing hip fracture surgery.

17-β-Estradiol and Progesterone as Efficient Predictors of Survival in Older Women Undergoing Hip Fracture Surgery