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Most of the numerical simulations of dry textile reinforcements forming are based on a macroscopic approach and continuous material models whose behavior is assumed to be elastic (linear or nonlinear). On the one hand, the experience shows that under loading/unloading stresses, residual inelastic deformations are observed. On the other hand, among the deformations that a woven reinforcement undergoes during forming, in most cases, only bending is subject to loading/unloading stresses. The first objective of this work is to highlight the inelastic bending behavior of textile reinforcements during a forming process and to find the possible origins of inelasticity. The second objective is to find the cases generating bending loading/unloading during forming as well as to study the influence of the bending inelasticity on forming simulation. For this purpose, the inelastic bending behavior was characterized by three-point bending tests. Then, the Dahl friction model was adapted to bending to describe the inelastic behavior. Finally, this model was implemented in a finite element code based on shell elements allowing the study of the influence of taking into account the inelastic behavior in bending on the numerical simulation of forming.

The Dahl’s Model for the Inelastic Bending Behavior of Textile Composite Preforms. Analysis of its Influence in Draping Simulation