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Polystyrene/ poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PS/PBAT) composites loaded with different amounts of carbon nanotube (CNT) were prepared by melt mixing followed by compression molding at different temperatures. The effect of the non-covalent functionalization of CNT with the ionic liquid (IL), trihexyl(tetra decyl)-phosphonium bis-triflimide on the electrical and rheological properties of the composites with co-continuous morphology was investigated. The AC electrical conductivity of the composites loaded with 0.16 wt.% of pristine CNT jumped from 10-7 S/m to 10-3 S/m by increasing the molding temperature from 180 to 200 C. Moreover, conductivity as high as 0.8 S/m was achieved in composite containing 0.66 wt.% of CNT. The outstanding electrical performance was attributed to the double percolation and the selective localization of CNT within PBAT phase. The functionalization with IL resulted in an increase of the conductivity for composites containing low amount of filler. IL-functionalized CNT resulted in a decrease of the melt viscosity and storage modulus due to the plasticizing effect of IL. However, for the system containing IL/CNT = 5:1 wt%, the modulus increased significantly due to the formation of the percolated networked structure of the filler within the polymer matrix.

frontiers in materials

Double Percolation of Melt-Mixed PS/PBAT Blends Loaded With Carbon Nanotube: Effect of Molding Temperature and the Non-covalent Functionalization of the Filler by Ionic Liquid