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This experiment was conducted to assess the possibility of replacing fish meal (FM) with soy protein peptide (SPP) at different levels—0% (FM), 14.29% (S5), 28.57% (S10), 57.14% (S20), 71.42%(S25)—and its effects on growth, histology, gene expression related to liver lipid metabolism and intestinal immunity in juvenile pompano  Trachinotus ovatus  (initial mean weight = 39.88 ± 0.15 g). 600 healthy and uniformed-size fish were distributed to five groups of three replicates, each with 40 fish in each floating cage and fed twice daily for 8 weeks. Results showed that no significant difference in the growth was observed with SPP replacing FM ( P  &amp;gt; 0.05). Serum glutathione peroxidase activity in the S10 group was significantly higher than that in the FM group, and serum malondialdehyde content significantly decreased ( P  &amp;lt; 0.05). SPP significantly improved intestinal immunity by increasing alkaline phosphatase and lysozyme activities and up-regulating interleukin 10 and complement 4 mRNA levels while simultaneously decreasing triglyceride and total cholesterol content and down-regulating interleukin 1β mRNA expression. Villus length and muscle thickness in the S10 group were significantly higher than those in the FM group ( P  &amp;lt; 0.05). SPP significantly improved liver fat metabolism by increasing carnitine palmitoyl transferase I mRNA levels, and down-regulating fatty acid synthesis mRNA expression ( P  &amp;lt; 0.05). In summary, SPP substitution for FM promoted intestinal health, liver lipid metabolism and reduced liver fat accumulation for juvenile pompano  T. ovatus , with no significant effect on growth performance. Based on the second-order polynomial analysis model of LYZ activity, the optimal replacement SPP level for juvenile pompano  T. ovatus  was 11.82%.

frontiers in marine science

A Challenge to Conventional Fish Meal: Effects of Soy Protein Peptides on Growth, Histomorphology, Lipid Metabolism and Intestinal Health for Juvenile Pompano Trachinotus ovatus