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The Hippo signaling pathway controls organ size and immune system in  Drosophila  and mammals. Yorkie acts as a transcriptional co-activator in the Hippo pathway and cross-talks with other essential pathways. In this study, a  Yorkie  gene and two  Cactus  isoforms (designated as  MnYorkie ,  MnCactus-a , and  MnCactus-b , respectively) were isolated and characterized from oriental river prawns ( Macrobrachium nipponense ). Results showed that  MnYorkie  includes 1620 bp open reading frame and encodes a protein of 539 amino acids (aa).  MnCactus-a  (377 aa) and  MnCactus-b  (471 aa) were produced by alternative splicing.  MnYorkie  and  MnCactus  were continuously expressed in all selected tissues. Upon Gram-positive bacterium  Staphylococcus aureus  and Gram-negative bacterium  Vibrio parahaemolyticus  stimulation, the mRNA levels of  MnYorkie  and  MnCactus  in hemocytes and intestines underwent time-dependent enhancement. RNA interference studies showed that  MnYorkie  silencing remarkably downregulated the transcription of  MnCactus  but upregulated the expression of seven immune-related genes. In addition,  MnYorkie  silencing  in vivo  decreased the susceptibility of prawns to bacterial challenge. After  S. aureus  and  V. parahaemolyticus  infection, the survival rate of prawns increased significantly from 2 to 6 days, which corresponded to the period of  MnYorkie  knockdown. All these findings suggested that  MnYorkie  in the Hippo pathway might exhibit remarkable biological roles in the immune defense of  M. nipponense  by negatively regulating the expression of immune-related genes and promoting the transcription of  MnCactus .

Yorkie Negatively Regulates the Expression of Antimicrobial Proteins by Inducing Cactus Transcription in Prawns Macrobrachium nipponense