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Background  Heterogeneous T cells in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) have the combinatorial variety generated by different T cell receptors (TCRs). γδ T cells are a distinct subgroup of T cells containing TCRγ ( TRGV ) and TCRδ ( TRDV ) subfamilies with diverse structural and functional heterogeneity. Our previous study showed that clonally expanded  TRDV  T cells might benefit the immune response directed against AML. However, the features of the  TRGV  repertoire in AML remain unknown. To fully characterize the features of γδ T cells, we analyzed the distribution and clonality of  TRGV I-III  subfamilies ( TRGV II  is also termed  TRVG 9 ), the proportions of γδ T cell subsets, and their effects on the overall survival (OS) of patients with AML.    Methods  In this study, the complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3) size of  TRGV  subfamilies in γδ T cells of peripheral blood (PB) from  de novo  AML patients were analyzed by Genescan analysis. Expression levels of  TRGV  subfamilies were performed by real-time quantitative PCR. The proportions of total γδ T cells and their Vγ9 +  Vδ2 +  T cells subsets were detected by multicolor flow cytometry assay. We further compared the correlation among the  TRGV  gene expression levels, the proportion of Vγ9 +  Vδ2 +  T cells, and OS in AML.    Results  We first found that the distribution pattern and clonality of  TRGV  subfamilies were changed. The expression frequencies and gene expression levels of three  TRGV  subfamilies in AML samples were significantly lower than those in healthy individuals (HIs). Compared with HIs, the proportions of total γδ T cells and Vγ9 +  Vδ2 +  T cells were also significantly decreased in patients with AML. In addition, patients with AML who had higher expression levels of the  TRGV  gene and higher proportion of Vγ9 +  Vδ2 +  T cells showed better OS than their counterparts. Furthermore, high expression levels of  TRGV 9  and proportion of Vγ9 +  Vδ2 +  T cells were identified as independent protective factors for complete remission in patients with AML.    Conclusions  The restriction of  TRGV  usage might be related to the preference of usage of γδ T cells. Higher expression of  TRGV  subfamilies might be associated with better OS in AML. Higher  TRGV 9  expression and increased Vγ9 +  Vδ2 +  T cells subfamilies might indicate a better prognosis in patients with AML.

High TRGV 9 Subfamily Expression Marks an Improved Overall Survival in Patients With Acute Myeloid Leukemia