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Immune checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized the treatments of lung cancers, and multiple predictive biomarkers alone or in combination help clinicians with the appropriate therapeutic selections. Recently, chemo-immunotherapy has been recommended for treating advanced non-small cell lung cancers in patients without driver mutations. However, the clinical relevance of predictive biomarkers and the treatment efficacy of chemo-immunotherapy in large cell lung carcinoma (LCLC) remain unclear. Here, we reported a rare case of LCLC with none driver gene mutations and low values of multiple predictive biomarkers. These biomarkers included a low PD-L1 expression of 5–10%, a low tumor mutational burden (TMB) of 2.5 muts/mb, a low CD8(+) tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte density of 147.91 psc/mm². After one-cycle chemotherapy, the patient progressed rapidly and then was switched to pembrolizumab combining paclitaxel plus cisplatin. Interestingly, he achieved a partial response after two cycles of chemo-immunotherapy, showing multiple lymph nodes obviously shrunk on CT scan, and other clinical symptoms were relieved when compared with the baseline findings. After five cycles of chemo-immunotherapy, this advanced patient still benefited and was changed to maintenance immunotherapy monotherapy. This case suggests that chemo-immunotherapy may provide an effective therapeutic option for those LCLC patients with low values of multiple predictive biomarkers, particularly for those who progressed from first-line classical treatments.

frontiers in immunology

Case Report: Therapeutic Response to Chemo-Immunotherapy in an Advanced Large Cell Lung Carcinoma Patient With Low Values of Multiple Predictive Biomarkers