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Macrophages define a key component of immune cells present in atherosclerotic lesions and are central regulators of the disease. Since epigenetic processes are important in controlling macrophage function, interfering with epigenetic pathways in macrophages might be a novel approach to combat atherosclerosis. Histone H3K27 trimethylation is a repressive histone mark catalyzed by polycomb repressive complex with EZH2 as the catalytic subunit. EZH2 is described to increase macrophage inflammatory responses by supressing the suppressor of cytokine signaling,  Socs3 . We previously showed that myeloid deletion of  Kdm6b , an enzymes that in contrast to EZH2 removes repressive histone H3K27me3 marks, results in advanced atherosclerosis. Because of its opposing function and importance of EZH2 in macrophage inflammatory responses, we here studied the role of myeloid EZH2 in atherosclerosis. A myeloid-specific  Ezh2  deficient mouse strain ( Ezh2  del ) was generated (LysM-cre+ x  Ezh2  fl/fl ) and bone marrow from  Ezh2  del  or  Ezh2  wt  mice was transplanted to  Ldlr  -/-  mice which were fed a high fat diet for 9 weeks to study atherosclerosis. Atherosclerotic lesion size was significantly decreased in  Ezh2  del  transplanted mice compared to control. The percentage of macrophages in the atherosclerotic lesion was similar, however neutrophil numbers were lower in  Ezh2  del  transplanted mice. Correspondingly, the migratory capacity of neutrophils was decreased in  Ezh2  del  mice. Moreover, peritoneal  Ezh2  del  foam cells showed a reduction in the inflammatory response with reduced production of nitric oxide, IL-6 and IL-12. In Conclusion, myeloid  Ezh2  deficiency impairs neutrophil migration and reduces macrophage foam cell inflammatory responses, both contributing to reduced atherosclerosis.

Myeloid Ezh2 Deficiency Limits Atherosclerosis Development